写作中要做好语句衔接与连贯

　　衔接是实现语句、语篇连贯的重要手段。语句或篇章如果缺乏必要的衔接,彼此之间就没有内在的有机联系和符合逻辑的发展关系,行文也会杂乱无序,脉络不清。连贯则是将语言内容有机地结合起来,使之符合逻辑,从而达到语言的规范性和准确性。衔接与连贯是语句、语篇的重要组成部分。下面是小编为您收集整理的写作中要做好语句衔接与连贯,供大家参考!

　　写作中要做好语句衔接与连贯

　　衔接(cohesion)可分为语法衔接和词汇衔接,语法衔接通过语法手段得以实现,包括照应(reference),替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis),而词汇衔接则通过重复(repetition)、同义词(synonym)、反义词(antonym)、上下义关系(hyponymy)等复现(reiteration)手段的使用来完成。

　　连贯(coherence)是指句子内部、句子和句子之间、段落内部、段落与段落之间是否有连接成分或衔接词来说明彼此间的逻辑关系。行文中如果缺乏必要的连接成分,仅仅用标点符号连接的写作手法在汉语中尚属可行。可在英语中,这种仅用标点符号的连接方式会使所表达的内容含义模糊.如我很累,一步也走不动了一句,如果在英文中写成下面两种形式都是错误的:1)i was very tired, couldn#39;t move a step; 2)i was so tired that couldn#39;t move astep.第一句应该改成 i was very tired and couldn#39;t move a step;第二句则应该在that后面重复主语i,才能使句子意思清晰明确。但在汉语中却是可行的,这就是英语与汉语之间的差别,学习写作时应引起足够重视。

　　什么是主题句有什么特点

　　主题句是表示全段中心思想的句子,是段落展开的基础,它表明作者的态度、观点、目的等.主题句一般简明扼要,具有概括、抽象的特点。主题句是对文章段落意义的表述,文章中其他句子都受主题句的制约。换言之.文章段落的其他句子是对主题思想加以阐述、说明或论证,是语义层层扩展、步步深人的核心。由于主题句的概括、抽象等特点,也称其为概述句。写作时,不可将某个细节或具体事实当做主题句来写。请看下段:

　　machine scored test is called objective type. in an objective test, the students answerquestions by deciding on the best choice among a number of alternatives given. another one isthe completion type. this kind of examination requires the students to add a word or phraseto a sentence. and the third type is the essay examination, in which the students are asked towrite a composition on a given topic.

　　这是一段没有主题句的段落,因为段中任何一句都不能概括全段内容,各句各自为政,均只是分别说明三种考试的特点。试比较下面经过修改的段落:

　　there are three kinds of examinations. one is the machine scored objective type. in anobjective test, the students answer questions by deciding on the best choice among a numberof alternatives given. another is the completion type. this kind of examination requires thestudents to add a word or phrase to a sentence. and the third type is the essay examination, inwhich the students are asked to write a composition on a given topic. all these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned in any particular course.

　　通过与范例1进行比较,我们可以看到,处于段首的examinations are of three kinds显然是该段的主题句,因为这一句不仅具有概括全段的特点,而且全段的其他文字都是围绕着三种考试形式展开的。该段添加.七主题句后,使得段落的发展有了中心,读者读起来主题明确,论据充分。同时,为了进一步体现段落的完整性,实现首尾相呼应,该段在段末添加上了结论句all these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned inany particular course,以达到对主题的进一步强调和突出.

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